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1993-02-17
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CURRENT_MEETING_REPORT_
Reported by Steve Deering/Stanford
Minutes:
This was the third meeting of the Router Discovery Working Group.
Steve Deering started by apologizing for not having produced a draft
specification of the proposed router discovery protocol in time for this
meeting, and promised to do so before the July IETF meeting.
He then reviewed the current proposal, for the sake of newcomers.
The router discovery protocol uses a pair of new ICMP messages:
o Router Advertisement messages, which are periodically multicast by
routers.
o Router Solicitation messages, which may be multicast by hosts at
start-up time only, to solicit immediate Router Advertisements
instead of waiting for the periodic ones.
(These were formerly called ``Router Report'' and ``Router Query''
messages, respectively.)
Advertisements are sent to the ``all-hosts'' IP multicast address, and
solicitations are sent to the ``all-routers'' IP multicast address.
Hosts and/or routers may be configured to use IP broadcast addresses
instead, though this is discouraged. The router discovery protocol is
not applicable to networks that do not support either IP multicast or IP
broadcast.
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The format of the Router Advertisement message is as follows:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Code | Checksum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Count | Holding Time |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Router Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Preference Level |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Router Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Preference Level |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| . |
| . |
| . |
Type identifies this as an ICMP Router Advertisement.
Checksum standard ICMP checksum.
Code and Reserved zero.
Count number of (Router Address, Preference Level) pairs
included in the message.
Holding Time number of seconds that hosts should consider the
information in this message to be valid.
Router Address one of the sending router's IP addresses on the
physical network on which this message is sent.
Preference Level preferability of the preceding router address as a
default router address, relative to other router
addresses belonging to the same IP subnet.
The usual case in which a router has more than one address on a single
physical network is when that network is supporting more than one IP
subnet. A receiving host is expected to ignore those (Router Address,
Preference Level) pairs that do not belong to the same IP subnet as the
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host. (This implies that a host must know its own IP address and subnet
mask before it may use the information in a Router Advertisement
message.)
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The format of the Router Solicitation message is as follows:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Code | Checksum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type identifies this as an ICMP Router Solicitation.
Checksum standard ICMP checksum.
Code and Reserved zero.
The group then discussed a number of topics that had been raised on the
mailing list since the previous meeting.
o Preference Level field
Deering tried again to convince the group that the Preference Level
field was unnecessary and undesirable, and again he failed. It was
agreed that the field shall be present in the Router Advertisement
messages, if for no other reason than that the Host Requirements
document requires a preference level to be associated with each
default router (even though it does not require hosts to do
anything with it).
Deering then proposed that the Preference Level be encoded as a
signed, 32-bit, twos-complement integer, such that a higher value
means more preferable. A router that is not configured with a
specific preference level (or that does not compute its own
preference level, based on routing information), will advertise a
level of 0. The minimum level (80000000 hex) is reserved to
indicate routers that must not be used as default routers (i.e.,
that may be used only for specific destinations, of which the hosts
have been informed by ICMP Redirect or static configuration).
Greg Satz had proposed that a router's preference level be derived
from that router's metric for its ``default'' route, rather than
from manual configuration. After some discussion of the merits and
weaknesses of that approach, it was agreed that it would be allowed
but not required by the router discovery specification. It was
noted that a routing metric will normally have to be converted to a
preference level, rather than being used directly, since for most
routing metrics, smaller values mean more preferable.
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No objections were raised to Deering's proposed encoding for the
Preference Level field.
o multicast vs. unicast replies to Solicitations
o dallying
Two unresolved issues were: should Advertisements sent in response
to Solicitations be multicast or unicast, and should randomized
delays be required before Solicitations and/or before responding
Advertisements? Some people felt that dallying before
Solicitations was important to prevent massive collisions when a
LANful of hosts all boot at once, for example, after power is
switched on (in a classroom, say) or is restored after a power
failure. After much debate, it was agreed that hosts should dally
for a short, random interval (between 0 and 1 seconds was
suggested) before sending a Solicitation. If a host receives an
Advertisement while dallying, it should refrain from sending a
Solicitation.
The optimal router behavior in response to a Solicitation is not at
all clear -- a case was made for dallying or not, and for either
unicast or multicast responses. Therefore, this will be left to
the implementors' discretion for now, with a suggestion that the
behavior be configurable. The group would welcome any analysis,
simulation results, or reports of field experience that might favor
a particular behavior.
o periodic advertising rate
Another outstanding issue was how often the periodic, unsolicited
Advertisements should be sent. The choice depends on whether or
not the advertisements are being used for black-hole detection, in
addition to simple router discovery. For black-hole detection, the
advertising rate must be high enough to allow router failures to be
detected before transport connections fail (an interval of 10
seconds is the value used for this purpose in the ISO ES-IS
protocol). If the advertisements are only used for router
discovery, a much longer interval (10 minutes, say) would be
adequate -- in this case the periodic advertisements serve only for
recovery from the situation in which hosts and routers boot up on
different sides of a subnet partition, which is later healed.
In the absence of agreement on how black-hole detection should be
done, the advertising interval must be configurable. The initial
version of the document will suggest a default interval of 10
minutes. Subsequent decisions on black-hole detection may cause a
smaller default value to be recommended.
o black-hole detection
Once the router discovery specification has been agreed upon, it
has been suggested that this working group might turn its attention
to the black-hole detection problem. A general discussion of the
problems and possible solutions ensued, with no agreements being
reached. (It was pretty much a rehash of previous discussions on
the group mailing list; an archive of those messages is available
for the interested reader.)
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Action Items
o Deering to generate a draft Router Discovery specification before
the July IETF meeting.
o Experimental implementations of the proposed protocol to be
developed and deployed -- no promises, but Andrew Cherenson and
John Veizades both offered to help (presumably for Unix and for the
Macintosh OS, respectively), as soon as Deering gets the
specification done. Greg Satz has previously offered the source
code for his BSD Unix implementation of cisco's Gateway Discovery
Protocol (GDP) as one possible starting point.
Next Meeting
The Router Discovery Working Group will next meet in Vancouver, at the
July/August IETF meeting.
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ATTENDEES
Pat Barron pat@transarc.com
Fred Bohle fab@saturn.acc.com
Steven Bruniges
David Burdelski daveb@ftp.com
Duane Butler dmb@network.com
John Cavanaugh J.Cavanaugh@StPaul.NCR.COM
Andrew Cherenson arc@sgi.com
Noel Chiappa jnc@PTT.LCS.MIT.EDU
Steve Deering deering@pescadero.stanford.edu
Dave Forster
Richard Fox sytek!rfox@sun.com
Karen Frisa karen@kinetics.com
Steve Hubert hubert@cac.washington.edu
Van Jacobson van@helios.ee.lbl.gov
Stev Knowles stev@ftp.com
Yoni Malachi yoni@cs.stanford.edu
Keith McCloghrie sytek!kzm@hplabs.HP.COM
Leo J. McLauglin III ljm@twg.com
Jeff Mogul mogul@decwrl.dec.com
John Moy jmoy@proteon.com
Mike Patton MAP@LCS.MIT.EDU
Drew Perkins ddp@andrew.cmu.edu
Stephanie Price cmcvax!price@hub.ucsb.edu
Michael Reilly reilly@nsl.dec.com
Greg Staz satz@cisco.com
Tim Seaver tas@mcnc.org
Frank Slaughter fgs@shiva.com
Richard Smith smiddy@pluto.dss.com
Brad Strand bstrand@cray.com
Cal Thixton cthixton@next.com
John Veizades veizades@apple.com
Jonathan Wenocur jhw@shiva.com
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